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CASE REPORTS |
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Year : 2019 | Volume
: 13
| Issue : 1 | Page : 28-31 |
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Management of oral pyogenic granuloma with profuse gingival bleeding using laser in paediatric patient
Hurlihal Sharath Chandra1, Deepa Rudrappa2, Mallapura Hemareddy Raghunath Reddy1, Frankantony Britto3
1 Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, SJM Dental College, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Periodontics, SJM Dental College, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Oral Pathology, SJM Dental College, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
Date of Web Publication | 24-Jul-2019 |
Correspondence Address: Dr. Hurlihal Sharath Chandra Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, SJM Dental College, PB Road, Chitradurga 577501, Karnataka India
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/jdl.jdl_15_18
Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a tumor-like nonneoplastic hyperplastic lesion of oral cavity occurring in response to various stimuli, of which chronic irritation and hormones influence pathogenesis predominantly. Lesion has high vascularity with numerous capillaries with severe bleeding tendency even with slight touch. Surgical excision of the tissue is the treatment of choice for which lasers would be the preferred choice owing to its lesser intraoperative bleeding, superior coagulation ability, wound sterilization, minimal pain, invasiveness, and lack of need for suturing or packing with better postoperative healing. This case report is about a teenage girl with severe PG managed using diode laser. Keywords: Diode lasers, hyperplastic lesion, pyogenic granuloma
How to cite this article: Chandra HS, Rudrappa D, Reddy MH, Britto F. Management of oral pyogenic granuloma with profuse gingival bleeding using laser in paediatric patient. J Dent Lasers 2019;13:28-31 |
How to cite this URL: Chandra HS, Rudrappa D, Reddy MH, Britto F. Management of oral pyogenic granuloma with profuse gingival bleeding using laser in paediatric patient. J Dent Lasers [serial online] 2019 [cited 2024 Mar 28];13:28-31. Available from: http://www.jdentlasers.org/text.asp?2019/13/1/28/263342 |
Introduction | | |
A diverse group of pathologic processes can produce soft-tissue enlargements of the oral cavity, often presenting a diagnostic challenge. Such an enlargement can be variation of normal anatomic structures, developmental anomalies, inflammation, neoplasm, and cysts. In response to a chronic, recurring tissue injury causing an exuberant or excessive tissue repair response is a group of reactive hyperplasias. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is one such inflammatory hyperplastic lesion considered as nonneoplastic tumor-like growth of the oral cavity or the skin.[1]
PG clinically presents as a soft, smooth, or lobulated exophytic lesion, which manifests as a small, red erythematous papule on a pedunculated or sessile base.[1],[2] Lesion has greater predilection in women (1.5:1 ratio) occurring most frequently in the second and third decades of life[3],[4] because of high levels of female hormones, which exhibit vascular effects[5] and play important role in its pathogenesis. The most common sites of occurrence are gingiva, followed by lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa with no radiographic findings, and final diagnosis of PG can be established through histological examination only.[6]
Complete excision of the tissue is the treatment of choice for which laser-assisted surgeries are preferred in pediatric patients as they are more tolerable and less anxiety provoking with minimal postoperative complications. In this case report, we highlight the case of teenage girl with severe gingival enlargement and overnight profuse gingival bleeding managed using diode laser.
Case Report | | |
A 12-year-old female patient reported to the department of pedodontics and preventive dentistry with the chief compliant of swelling of gums associated with pain on mastication for 5–6 months. Parent expressed the concern of drooling of blood-filled saliva during night and inability to chew and brush on the affected side. Swelling of gums started 5 months back, which gradually increased to present size. Medical history was noncontributory. On intraoral soft-tissue examination, a smooth solitary gingival enlargement measuring 2 × 1cm covering the tooth 24; 25 buccally, palatally, and occlusally; and 23 on the palatal side was seen. Tissue was reddish, edematous, soft friable, and hemorrhagic, and bleeds spontaneously on touch. Similar type of enlargement was seen involving tooth 35 [Figure 1] and [Figure 2]. On the basis of age, history, and clinical examination, a diagnosis of PG was given, and differential diagnosis of peripheral giant cell granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, hemangioma, peripheral fibroma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and metastatic tumor was given. As hemogram of the patient was normal, incisional biopsy was taken and the patient was sent for histopathological examination.,
Histopathological specimen showed parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with stroma showing abundant endothelial lined blood vessels with prominent inflammatory infiltrates. On the basis of clinical findings and histological examination, a diagnosis of PG was given [Figure 3].
After administering prophylactic antibiotics, complete excision of enlarged tissue was carried out using diode laser and thorough curettage was performed to eliminate granulation tissue under local anesthesia [Figure 4]. Periodontal pack was placed and the patient was recalled after 1 week. On the recall visit, periodontal pack was removed and thorough scaling was carried out. Healing of the affected site was uneventful and the patient was advised oral hygiene maintenance [Figure 5]. Patient was followed up after 1 and 2 months, and the results were satisfactory [Figure 6]., ,
Discussion | | |
Exact etiopathogenesis of PG is still debatable; however, it is usually considered as a reactive lesion, which is thought to arise in response to various stimuli such as chronic low-grade local irritation,[1] traumatic injury, hormones,[7] drugs,[8] and viral and bacterial infections.[9] Poor oral hygiene has also been noticed to be associated with PGs by some authors.[1]
Even a minor trauma can cause a considerable hemorrhage because of high vascularity of the lesion, and intensity of hemorrhage is more in young PGs because of the abundant presence of hyperplastic granulation tissue and prominent capillaries,[10] which was evident in this case.
Treatment of PG depends on the size and location of the lesion with excisional biopsy as the treatment of choice in the majority of the cases. As in this case it was a large lesion, an incisional biopsy was carried out to rule out other pathologies, to confirm the diagnosis of PG, and to avoid large deformity following complete excision of the tissue.
Various treatment modalities of PG include (a) Surgical excision (b) Conservative methods such as cryosurgery, electrodessication and an injection of absolute ethanol (c) Sodium tetradecyl sulfate sclerotherapy; (d) Nd: YAG, CO2, and flash lamp pulsed dye lasers. Diode lasers are frequently been used to surgically excise the lesion owing to its superior coagulation properties and lesser intraoperative bleeding,[9] with clarity at the surgical site, wound sterilization, minimal pain, invasiveness, and lack of need for suturing or packing[4] with uneventful postoperative healing.
A recurrence rate of 16% has been reported.[11] Recurrence can be prevented by oral hygiene maintenance that includes proper brushing technique using soft tooth brush and periodic follow up for oral examination.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
References | | |
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11. | Kfir Y, Buchner A, Hansen LS. Reactive lesions of the gingiva. A clinicopathological study of 741 cases. J Periodontol 1980;51:655-61. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6]
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